Beer tastes or smells like butter, butterscotch or movie-theatre popcorn

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Diacetyl is a fermentation byproduct produced by all yeast strains. Healthy fermentation reabsorbs it; truncated fermentation leaves it in the finished beer.

Likely causes

CauseProcess articleIngredientNotes
Fermentation ended too early — primary terminated before the yeast cleaned upFermentation basicsHold the beer at fermentation temperature for an extra 2-3 days after gravity stabilises (a "diacetyl rest").
Yeast underpitched, leaving cells overworkedFermentation basicsFermentis SafAle S-04Pitch a fresh sachet at the correct rate. Stale or rehydrated-and-shocked yeast underperforms.

How to confirm it’s diacetyl

Warm a sample to room temperature, swirl it, and smell deeply. Diacetyl is unmistakable — buttery, slightly slick on the tongue.

Fix in the fermenter

The simplest fix is the diacetyl rest above: raise temperature 2-3 °C for 48 hours once primary fermentation finishes. The active yeast will reabsorb diacetyl back into precursor compounds.

Fix in the glass

Once packaged, diacetyl is here to stay. Future batches: pitch fresh yeast at the right rate, ferment at the lower end of the yeast’s range, then warm at the end.

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